Cook the pasta in a large pot of salted boiling water until al dente, then drain and set aside.
Heat butter in a large skillet over medium heat until melted and bubbling gently.
Add the sliced chicken to the skillet, sprinkle with smoked paprika, and cook until golden brown and cooked through, about 5-7 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Push the cooked chicken to one side of the pan, then add the minced garlic to the empty space and sauté briefly until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Pour in the heavy cream, stirring to combine with garlic and chicken juices. Bring to a gentle simmer, allowing the sauce to thicken slightly, about 3 minutes.
Stir in the grated Parmesan cheese until melted and the sauce becomes luxuriously smooth and glossy.
Add the cooked pasta directly into the sauce, tossing gently to coat each strand evenly, ensuring the sauce clings to the noodles beautifully.
Taste and adjust seasoning if needed; the sauce should be creamy, rich, and flavorful with a hint of smoky paprika aroma.
Serve the chicken Alfredo immediately, garnished with extra Parmesan or chopped herbs if desired for presentation.